Not every existing data center was built with liquid cooling in mind. At first glance, the transition to liquid cooling may seem complex, but with the right approach, even older facilities can benefit from this efficient and sustainable cooling technology.
Pressure on existing data centers continues to grow. AI, machine learning, and high-performance computing require increasingly powerful hardware that generates more heat. Traditional air cooling is reaching its limits, while regulations are setting higher standards for energy efficiency. In this context, liquid cooling offers both immediate and long-term advantages. This article outlines the steps existing data centers can take to transition to liquid cooling.
Step 1: Comprehensive Infrastructure Analysis
A successful transition starts with an evaluation of the physical and technical capabilities of the existing data center. For instance, it must be determined whether raised floors can handle the additional weight of new racks and piping systems. Sufficient space must also be available for the installation of cooling distribution units (CDUs), manifolds, and piping.
The route for these pipes is equally important: can they be installed without major structural modifications? At the same time, it is wise to assess the IT hardware itself. In some cases, replacing outdated equipment with systems that are natively designed for liquid cooling—such as servers with integrated cold plates—may prove more efficient.
Step 2: Gradual and Modular Implementation
A complete overhaul is not required. Brownfield data centers can adopt liquid cooling gradually. This means certain zones or racks can be made suitable for high-density applications in the short term, while other parts of the facility continue operating with air cooling.
Direct-to-chip liquid cooling is particularly well-suited for this approach. It requires relatively limited modifications to the existing infrastructure and allows for targeted heat removal at specific workloads. The result is a hybrid cooling system that adapts flexibly to evolving needs and budgets.
Step 3: Smart Integration with Existing Systems
The next step involves integrating the new liquid cooling infrastructure with existing systems. Modern CDUs provide extensive control capabilities and serve as the central component of this integration. They regulate flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the coolant to ensure seamless operation.
It is essential that all materials in contact with the coolant—such as hoses, fittings, and seals—are fully compatible. This prevents corrosion, leaks, and other long-term technical issues.
Step 4: Automation and Monitoring to Improve Management
The introduction of liquid cooling is the ideal opportunity to elevate management and monitoring. Many brownfield locations still rely on fragmented management systems. By installing advanced sensors in CDUs and piping, operators gain real-time insight into temperature, pressure, flow, and performance.
This data not only enhances the reliability of the cooling system but also enables predictive maintenance—preventing downtime and making the cooling infrastructure more future-ready.
Investing with the Future in Mind
Although transitioning to liquid cooling requires investment, it delivers clear long-term benefits: reduced energy costs, higher computing density per square meter, and improved PUE. For existing data centers, it is the key to remaining relevant in a world increasingly driven by AI and sustainability.
Through careful evaluation, smart integration, and investment in monitoring, data centers can build infrastructures ready to meet the demands of tomorrow. The evolution of cooling is not a trend—it is the future for every data center operator who wants to stay ahead.
